Objectives: This study was conducted to analyze the relationship between urban environment, high-risk drinking, and moderate drinking attempts within the living radius by one district in Seoul, South Korea. We aimed to provide fundamental data for preventing high-risk drinking among city residents and establishing an environment promoting moderate drinking. Methods: Physical environmental factors that affect high-risk drinking and sobriety were analyzed using data from the Community Health Survey and administrative data from 2012 to 2016 with one district located in the southeastern part of Seoul as the subject of the study. After adjusting for personal characteristics such as gender, age, income, and stress, a spatial logistic regression analysis was performed on the physical environment affecting drinking within a 1km radius of living. Results: The probability of not having high-risk drinking increased as the distance between chicken restaurants, pubs, and convenience stores within 1km of the living radius increased. For men, the probability of high-risk drinking was lower as the distance from the chicken restaurants, pubs, or convenience stores increased, and no relationship was found with density. For women, the density of chicken restaurants and convenience stores was related to high-risk drinking. In the case of moderate drinking attempts by high-risk drinkers, the probability of moderate drinking attempts increased as the distance from the chicken restaurants increased, and the probability of moderate drinking attempts decreased as the density of convenience stores increased and the distance from the public health center increased. Conclusions: To promote public health, continuous efforts are required to prevent high-risk drinking and establish a urban environment that encourages moderate drinking. This involves collaborating with community resources, improving citizen awareness, and creating a health-friendly environment.