Objectives: To systematically review and synthesize literature on the relationship between health literacy and health-related behaviors in Korean. Methods: Papers published after 2010 were targeted and searched in KISS, RISS, DBpia, KMbase, and Google Scholar. Any empirical studies that analyzed the relationship between health literacy and health behavior were included in the review. After reviewing the title and abstract for inclusion in the first round, full text was checked to determine whether or not to be included in the final analysis. Results: 24 studies met the inclusion criteria. The measurement of health literacy and health behavior varied across studies. The types of health behaviors were divided into health promotion behaviors, health information search behaviors and online health behaviors, disease prevention behaviors, exercise and other health behaviors. Although the results of empirical analysis were mixed between health literacy and health behavior, there was a higher proportion of studies with significant associations. Conclusions: Health literacy had a significant relationship with health-related behaviors. Further research is required on the mechanisms of health literacy on health behaviors, and it should be recommended to utilize comprehensive health literacy tools.