Objectives: Unemployment and job loss are associated with an increased risk of problem drinking, which poses significant health risks. This study aims to assess the prevalence of problem drinking among and analyze its influencing factors using the ‘International Center for Alcohol Policies (ICAP) Determinants of Drinking Framework.’ Methods: A survey was conducted among 1,074 unemployed South Korean adults who visited a regional Center for Employment and Welfare. Problem drinking was assessed using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), with scores of 8 or higher classified as indicative of problem drinking. The data was analyzed using a hierarchical logistic regression model. Results: The average AUDIT score among participants was 6.87, with 38.2% identified as problem drinkers. Hierarchical logistic regression analysis revealed that younger age, higher levels of depression and embitterment, male gender, and absence of religious affiliation were significant factors associated with an increased risk of problem drinking. Conclusions: This study underscores the necessity of addressing problem drinking among the unemployed population through the implementation of targeted interventions.